TERMS+TO+KNOW

Maximum of three definitions per term. Make sure no two definitions are exactly alike. If you submit a definition, make sure it is clear and contributes something new not in the other ones.
===**Be sure you've looked these terms up and entered them into your notebook BEFORE you submit a definition to this wiki. In most cases, you may be able simply to transfer the definition directly from your notebook to the wiki.** The first definition goes beside the #1 under the term. If you add additional definitions (up to 3), number them properly.===

===**Good sources of information for your notebook and wiki definitions are: your textbook, Wikipedia (online), a common dictionary, or an easy encyclopedia like World Book or Comptons. Stay away from complicated sources, since you are looking for simple, basic definitions. If you use Wikipedia, confine yourself to the first couple of paragraphs of information. Make sure you understand your own definition fully.**=== 1. the gradual spread of language and inventions through inter-human contact. (kbe) 2. The process of traits and material being spread from one society to another.(ama)
 * 30. cultural diffusion:**

1.**the** earliest form of written records **that the Sumerians used on soft clay in** about 3,000 B.C. (kpa) 2.**a system of** wedge-shaped symbols **invented in** ancient Mesopotamia. (jbo)
 * 31. cuneiform:**

1.**a** writing system **consisting of drawings of everyday objects** (kpa) 2.**the** pictographic writing system **invented and used** in ancient Egypt. (jbo)
 * 32. hieroglyphs:**

1.**small ceramic cylinders with writing and drawings** carved **on them, used to create unique signatures.** (kpa)
 * 33. cylinder seals:**

1. information etched generaly in stone. (jho) 2. the dedication of a book or work of art. (moe)
 * 34. inscriptions:**

1.**the earliest form of paper, invented in and** used in ancient Egypt.(kpa) 2.**a** paper-like material made from the papyrus plant and used by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. (jbo)
 * 35. papyrus:**

1.**a** person who write**s** a**nd reads** documents **in ancient times**.(kpa)
 * 36. scribes:**

1.**the** earliest **known** civilization, in **s**outhern Mesopotamia. (kpa) 2.also known as Sumer, an ancient region in what is now southern Iraq, where writing **first** developed. (jbo)
 * 37. Sumeria:**

1.the first poems in literature, created in Mesopotamia.(kpa) 2.**an** ancient Sumerian epic poem about King Gilgamesh of Uruk and his quest for immortality. (jbo)
 * 38. Epic of Gilgamesh:**

1.**a** belief in two or more gods.(kpa)
 * 39. polytheism:**

1.**a** belief **in** only one God.(kpa)
 * 40. monotheism:**

1. **a** belief in the **exsistence** of spirits seperable from bodies.(cca) 2. a belief of gods in nature like wind, rain, or sun.(kpa) 3. a belief where objects in the Universe obtain souls like animals or humans(kpa) 1. The art associated with creating objects from clay. (akc)
 * 41. animism:**
 * ceramics:**

1. seperating the workforce into catagories of labor. (cpr) 2. the breakdown of labor into its components and their distribution among different persons, groups, or machines to increase prosuctive efficiency. (kbe)
 * 43. division of labor:**

1. Crafts men of all types. (akc)
 * 44. artisans:**

1. Succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations. (cne)
 * 45. dynasty:**

1. a talblet with 3 different languages that unlocked alot of the Egyptian language. (jho) 2. a stone slab found in Rosetta, Egypt in 1799 by Napoleon's troops with a message written in hieroglyphs, demotic, and ancient Greek. (jbo)
 * 46. Rosetta Stone:**

1. **a** powerful **group** or **family** that maintains its position for a considerable **time.** (cca) 2. the king of ancient Egypt, who was revered as an incarnation of Horus. (jbo) 3. also known as "the Great House". This form of government began in ancient Egypt where a pharoh becomes worshiped rulers or gods. (kpa) 1. The preservation of a dead body using different methods of embalming used by Egyptians. (cne)
 * 47. pharaoh:**
 * 48. mummification:**

1. Osiris is the Egyptian god of the underworld. He is the husband and brother of Isis.(sde) 2. the judge of the dead(jho) 1. the ancient Egyptian goddess of magic and the sister and wife of Osiris, the mother of Horus, and the adopted mother of Anubis. (jbo)
 * 49. Osiris:**
 * 50. Isis:**

1. the ancient Egyptian god of the desert and chaos, the brother and husband of Nephthys, and the murderer of his brother Osiris. (jbo)
 * 51. Set:**

1. the ancient Egyptian god of the sky, the patron god of the pharaohs, and the son of Osiris and Isis. (jbo) 2. Falcon-headed Egyptian god of war and the sun. (cpr) 3. a solar deity, regarder as either the son or the brother of Isis and Osiris.(pgr) 1. the ancient Egyptian god of embalming and the protector of tombs and the son of Osiris by the goddess Nephthys. (jbo) 2. the Egyptian god of the dead who has a head of a jackal.(kpa) 1. One of the most famous Egyptian pharaohs because of his tomb which was found completely intact. (akc)
 * 52. Horus:**
 * 53. Anubis:**
 * 54. Tutankhamun:**

1. They used to be the most dangerous warriors in Mesopotamia.(sde) 1.Native inhabitants of ancient Babylonia. They destroyed the Assyrians.(sde)
 * 55. Assyrians:**
 * 56. Babylonians:**

1. Jews is a term used to refer to Hewbews after the Babylonian Exile. (sma)
 * 57. Hebrews (later Jews):**

1. The first part of the bible created by the Hebrews filled with many stories and philosophy. 2. term for the first section of the two-part Christian Biblical canon.(pgr)
 * 58. The Old Testament:**

1. Ancient tribes that disappeared from the biblical account after the Kingdom of Israel was totally destroyed, enslaved, and exiled by ancient Assyria. (cne)
 * 59. The Ten Lost Tribes of Israel:**

60. **Babylonian Exile or Babylonian Captivity (585 - 535 BC):** 1. The deportation and exile of Jews from the Kingdom of Judah to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar. (cne)